The pancreas is a vital gland located behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. It plays a crucial role in digestion and hormone production. Pancreatic cancer develops when abnormal cells in the pancreas grow uncontrollably. In the UK, it ranks as the tenth most common cancer. Unfortunately, early detection is rare due to its vague and late-appearing symptoms.

Symptoms usually become noticeable when the disease is in an advanced stage. Even then, they can resemble those of other less serious conditions. The symptoms may differ depending on where the cancer develops in the pancreas—whether in the head, body, or tail. The most common type is ductal adenocarcinoma, which starts in cells responsible for producing digestive enzymes.

One of the most common early signs is pain in the abdomen or back, especially after eating. Initially, the pain may come and go, but it becomes more persistent as the tumor grows. Jaundice—yellowing of the skin and eyes—is another major symptom. It occurs when the tumor blocks the bile duct, causing a buildup of bilirubin.

Unexplained weight loss and digestive issues such as oily or foul-smelling stools are also indicators. These issues arise due to the pancreas’s reduced ability to produce digestive enzymes. Bowel changes like diarrhea, constipation, or fatty stools (steatorrhoea) may also occur if the pancreatic duct is blocked.

Pancreatic cancer may lead to the sudden onset of diabetes in individuals with no previous history. Other possible symptoms include fatigue, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), fever, shivering, and skin itching due to jaundice.

While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer remains unclear, risk factors include smoking, obesity, age, and family history. Because symptoms often appear late, awareness and early medical consultation are essential. Always seek professional medical advice if you notice persistent or unusual changes in your health.