White spots on the skin can catch a person off guard. They may appear slowly or suddenly, stay small or spread over time, and sometimes they fade while other times they remain unchanged for years. For many people, these spots raise immediate concerns: Are they dangerous? Are they permanent? Do they signal something serious happening inside the body? While most white spots are not harmful, they can be linked to several different causes—ranging from simple vitamin deficiencies to more complex medical conditions. Understanding the possibilities can help people make informed decisions about when to watch, when to adjust their lifestyle, and when to seek professional care.

One of the most commonly discussed nutritional factors related to changes in skin pigmentation is vitamin B12. This vitamin plays multiple vital roles in the body, especially in forming healthy red blood cells, supporting nerve function, and participating in DNA synthesis. When the body does not have enough vitamin B12, it can lead to several symptoms, including fatigue, numbness, tingling in the hands or feet, weakness, and—less commonly—skin changes. In some individuals, low B12 levels may be associated with depigmentation, which can appear as pale spots or patches.

In discussions about white patches, the condition most frequently mentioned is vitiligo—a disorder in which the immune system attacks pigment-producing cells in the skin, leading to white or light patches. While vitamin B12 deficiency does not directly cause vitiligo, some studies suggest that people with vitiligo may have lower levels of B12, folate, or other nutrients. Because of this association.